Sodium is both a mineral and an electrolyte, and it is necessary for many functions in the body. Sodium fuels muscle and nerve function and maintains proper levels of fluid in the body. It is important to monitor the level of sodium intake because sodium levels decrease through sweat. Be aware of the amount of sodium in the food you eat so you can curb the risk of disease. The proper amount of sodium in the diet can prevent both heart and vascular disease, but too much sodium can be dangerous.

Athletes are at high risk for a reduction in sodium levels due to their increased physical activity. A common misconception is that the best way to remain hydrated is by drinking water or an electrolyte-filled beverage such as Gatorade. But researchers recommend consuming small amounts of sodium to replace what has been lost through sweat. There are many factors that contribute to your sweat rate and loss of sodium, such as weather, genetics, acclimatization and fitness. By corresponding the amount you sweat with the amount of weight you lose, you can estimate the proper intake of sodium you need.

A healthy level of sodium is necessary for nerve function. Sodium allows the nervous system to communicate effectively throughout the body. A lack of sodium disrupts the transmission in the nervous system, preventing the production of electrical signals and causing the nervous system to fail.